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  • Mechanical Writing of Ferro...
    Lu, H.; Bark, C.-W.; de los Ojos, D. Esque; Alcala, J.; Eom, C. B.; Catalan, G.; Gruverman, A.

    Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 04/2012, Letnik: 336, Številka: 6077
    Journal Article

    Ferroelectric materials are characterized by a permanent electric dipole that can be reversed through the application of an external voltage, but a strong intrinsic coupling between polarization and deformation also causes all ferroelectrics to be piezoelectric, leading to applications in sensors and high-displacement actuators. A less explored property is flexoelectricity, the coupling between polarization and a strain gradient. We demonstrate that the stress gradient generated by the tip of an atomic force microscope can mechanically switch the polarization in the nanoscale volume of a ferroelectric film. Pure mechanical force can therefore be used as a dynamic tool for polarization control and may enable applications in which memory bits are written mechanically and read electrically.