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  • Long-Term Performance of a ...
    Martel-Rodríguez, Gilberto M; Millán-Gabet, Vanessa; Mendieta-Pino, Carlos A; García-Romero, Eva; Sánchez-Ramírez, José R

    International journal of environmental research and public health, 11/2022, Letnik: 19, Številka: 22
    Journal Article

    This paper describes the results that have been obtained in a real case study of a hybrid constructed wetlands system, which has been in continuous operation for over 11 years. The main aim of the study was to understand the long-term operation and efficiency of the system (which is situated in the municipality of Santa Lucía, Gran Canaria, Spain), which comprises two vertical-flow and one horizontal-flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of urban wastewater. The system, which was originally designed to treat a flow rate of 12.5 m /day, with a load of 100 equivalent inhabitants, has been operating since its inauguration (July 2008), with a flow rate of almost 35 m /day and a load of 400 equivalent inhabitants. Despite this, the mean total removal efficiencies during the study period (2014-2019) are optimal for a system of these characteristics, as follows: 92% for 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD ), 89% for the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 97% for the total suspended solids (TSS). The system efficiency, with respect to nutrient removal, was somewhat lower, resulting in 48% for total N and 35% for NH . It has been confirmed with this study that this type of system is an appropriate, robust, resilient nature-based solution for the treatment of the wastewater that is generated in small communities, especially in zones with a warm climate, stable mean temperatures, and mild winters.