Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an essential cellular function in all eukaryotes that is driven by a self-assembled macromolecular machine of over 50 different proteins in tens to hundreds of copies. How these proteins are organized to produce endocytic vesicles with high precision and efficiency is not understood. Here, we developed high-throughput superresolution microscopy to reconstruct the nanoscale structural organization of 23 endocytic proteins from over 100,000 endocytic sites in yeast. We found that proteins assemble by radially ordered recruitment according to function. WASP family proteins form a circular nanoscale template on the membrane to spatially control actin nucleation during vesicle formation. Mathematical modeling of actin polymerization showed that this WASP nano-template optimizes force generation for membrane invagination and substantially increases the efficiency of endocytosis. Such nanoscale pre-patterning of actin nucleation may represent a general design principle for directional force generation in membrane remodeling processes such as during cell migration and division. Display omitted •High-throughput superresolution imaging of 23 proteins at thousands of endocytic sites•Endocytic proteins organize into nanoscale radial zones according to their function•A circular WASP nano-template patterns actin filament nucleation•The WASP nano-template is crucial for high efficiency of endocytosis Superresolution analysis of endocytic vesicle assembly identifies a patterned actin template that orchestrates protein recruitment.