Rats readily switch between foraging and more complex navigational behaviors such as pursuit of other rats or prey. These tasks require vastly different tracking of multiple behaviorally significant variables including self-motion state. To explore whether navigational context modulates self-motion tracking, we examined self-motion tuning in posterior parietal cortex neurons during foraging versus visual target pursuit. Animals performing the pursuit task demonstrate predictive processing of target trajectories by anticipating and intercepting them. Relative to foraging, pursuit yields multiplicative gain modulation of self-motion tuning and enhances self-motion state decoding. Self-motion sensitivity in parietal cortex neurons is, on average, history dependent regardless of behavioral context, but the temporal window of self-motion integration extends during target pursuit. Finally, many self-motion-sensitive neurons conjunctively track the visual target position relative to the animal. Thus, posterior parietal cortex functions to integrate the location of navigationally relevant target stimuli into an ongoing representation of past, present, and future locomotor trajectories. Display omitted •Rats pursue moving visual targets and make predictions about their paths•Pursuit behavior enhances self-motion coding in parietal cortex via gain modulation•Pursuit increases timescale of instantaneous trajectory mappings in parietal cortex•Parietal cortex neurons conjunctively code self-motion and egocentric target position Alexander et al. examine rats pursuing visual targets and characterize emergent predictive behaviors. Relative to free exploration, pursuit elicits enhanced coding of self-motion in the parietal cortex over extended temporal durations. A subset of parietal cortex neurons code for self-motion state and egocentric position of the pursuit target simultaneously.