This paper is devoted to the impact of Hermann Trautschold’s personality and scientific authority on the young generation of Moscow naturalists of the 1850s-1860s: thermochemist W. Louginine (V.F. Luginin) (1834-1911), cristallographer, mineralogist and chemist G. Wyrouboff (G.N. Vyrubov) (1842-1913), botanist A.N. Petunnikov (1842-1919), and geologist and palaeontologist N.P. Vishnyakov (1844-1927). Except Louginine, all of them were graduates of the Imperial Moscow University and began their journey in science at the Imperial Moscow Society of Naturalists (‘MOIP’). The paper describes Trautschold’s activities at MOIP as well as brief biographies, scientific achievements and public activities of his mentees.