This study focused on the relationship of employees' career growth with high-performance work systems (HPWS), how and the conditions under which HPWS enhance organizational career growth. It considered job crafting as part of the mechanism, the idea being that employees actively exploit the resources provided and demands imposed by HPWS to craft their jobs. Using a multi-level, three-wave time-lagged design with 663 employees and 67 human resource managers from 67 companies, we found that (a) organization-level HPWS were positively related to individual employees' career growth; (b) task and relational job crafting mediated the relationship; (c) the organizational innovation climate moderated the relationship between organization-level HPWS and job crafting; and (d) the moderating effect had an impact on employees' career growth through job crafting. The implications of the study for the advancement of knowledge and practice are discussed. •Employees' organizational career growth is cultivated by high performance work systems (HPWS).•Employees' career growth also benefits from job crafting, which is itself encouraged by HPWS.•Both task job crafting and relational job crafting play a role in the way employees' career growth is fostered by HPWS.•A climate for innovation in the organization magnifies the benefits of HPWS and of job crafting for career growth.•Organizations can foster their employees' career growth by implementing HPWS and by cultivating an innovative mentality.