The paper aims at recalling Maria Montessori’s essential assumptionsabout the child development and organization of the educationalprocess as a basic issue considering the concept of science education.In the Montessori pedagogy, it is characterized by the form of theso-called Cosmic Education. Cosmic Education is a unique approachto work with children aged 6 to 12. Thus, the idea of Cosmic Education,the relationship between the child’s needs and the science educationcurriculum is elucidated. The essence of the Great and Key Lessonsas centers of children’s exploration and research is discussed. TheMontessorian way of learning about fundamental human needs ispresented as an inspiration for school practice. The basis for collectingempirical material is the analysis of the content aiming at the currentachievements within the selected topic characterization.