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Trap, G.; Goldwurm, A.; Dodds-Eden, K.; Weiss, A.; Terrier, R.; Ponti, G.; Gillessen, S.; Genzel, R.; Ferrando, P.; Bélanger, G.; Clénet, Y.; Rouan, D.; Predehl, P.; Capelli, R.; Melia, F.; Yusef-Zadeh, F.
Astronomy & astrophysics, 04/2011, Letnik: 528Journal Article
Aims. The radiative counterpart of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center (GC), Sgr A⋆, is subject to frequent flares that are visible simultaneously in X-rays and the near-infrared (NIR). Often, enhanced radio variability from centimeter to sub-millimeter wavelengths is observed to follow these X-ray/NIR eruptions. We present here a multi-wavelength campaign carried out in April 2009, with the aim of characterizing this broadband flaring activity. Methods. Concurrent data from the XMM-Newton/EPIC (2–10 keV), VLT/NACO (2.1 μm, 3.8 μm), APEX/LABOCA (870 μm), and Fermi/LAT (0.1–200 GeV) instruments are employed to derive light curves and spectral energy distributions of new flares from Sgr A⋆. Results. We detected two relatively bright NIR flares, both associated with weak X-ray activity, one of which was followed by a strong sub-mm outburst ~200 min later. Photometric spectral information on a NIR flare was obtained for the first time with NACO, giving a power-law photon index α = −0.4 ± 0.3 (Fν ∝ ν α). The first attempt to detect flaring activity from the Fermi GC source 1FGL J1745.6–2900 is also reported. We model NIR, X-ray, and sub-mm flares in the context of non-thermal emission processes. We find that the simplest scenario involving a single expanding plasmoid releasing synchrotron NIR/sub-mm and synchrotron self-Compton X-ray radiation is inadequate to reproduce the data, but we offer suggestions to reconcile the basic elements of the theory and the observations.
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JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP |
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in: SICRIS
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