► We present a procedure for extraction of nanocellulose structures from raw cotton linter. ► The raw linter and nanocellulose structures were characterized. ► Pulping the raw linter is not required before the nanocellulose extraction. ► The nanostructures have properties significantly different from the raw linter. ► Using linter for nanocellulose extraction is an option for value addition to this textile by-product. This study aimed to characterize nanocellulose extracted from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) linters. The nanocellulose was subjected to electronic microscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, light scattering, and contact angle. The properties of the nanocellulose are considerably different from the linter. The acidic hydrolyses applied to extract the nanocrystals increased the crystallinity index and the hydrophilicity and decreased the thermal stability. On average, the nanocrystals were 177nm long and 12nm wide, with an aspect ratio of 19 when measured by microscopy. The light scattering results were coherent with the crystal dimensions. Cotton linter is a potential source of nanocellulose crystals, particularly to be used in the production of hydrophilic nanocomposites. Extraction of nanocellulose from raw cotton linter does not require pulping.