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Siegel, Jared C.; Kiato, Ilia; Kalogera, Vicky; Berry, Christopher P. L.; Maccarone, Thomas J.; Breivik, Katelyn; Andrews, Jeff J.; Bavera, Simone S.; Dotter, Aaron; Fragos, Tassos; Kovlakas, Konstantinos; Misra, Devina; Rocha, Kyle A.; Srivastava, Philipp M.; Sun, Meng; Xing, Zepei; Zapartas, Emmanouil
Astrophysical journal/The Astrophysical journal, 09/2023, Letnik: 954, Številka: 2Journal Article
Abstract Mass measurements from low-mass black hole X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and radio pulsars have been used to identify a gap between the most massive neutron stars (NSs) and the least massive black holes (BHs). BH mass measurements in LMXBs are typically only possible for transient systems: outburst periods enable detection via all-sky X-ray monitors, while quiescent periods enable radial velocity measurements of the low-mass donor. We quantitatively study selection biases due to the requirement of transient behavior for BH mass measurements. Using rapid population synthesis simulations ( COSMIC ), detailed binary stellar-evolution models ( MESA ), and the disk instability model of transient behavior, we demonstrate that transient LMXB selection effects introduce observational biases, and can suppress mass-gap BHs in the observed sample. However, we find a population of transient LMXBs with mass-gap BHs form through accretion-induced collapse of an NS during the LMXB phase, which is inconsistent with observations. These results are robust against variations of binary evolution prescriptions. The significance of this accretion-induced collapse population depends upon the maximum NS birth mass M NS , birth − max . To reflect the observed dearth of low-mass BHs, COSMIC and MESA models favor M NS , birth − max ≲ 2 M ⊙ . In the absence of further observational biases against LMXBs with mass-gap BHs, our results indicate the need for additional physics connected to the modeling of LMXB formation and evolution.
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JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP | JCR | SNIP |
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in: SICRIS
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