Microplastics (MPs) are in all environmental compartments, including atmosphere, terrestrial, and aquatic environments as well as in marine organisms, foods, drinking water, and indoor and outdoor environments. MPs can enter the human body through the food chain and contaminated environment. Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact are the routes of their entry into the human body. Recent studies reporting the detection of MPs within the human body have raised concern among the scientific community as the knowledge about human exposure is still very limited and their impact on health is not well-understood yet. In this review article, we briefly cover the reports evidencing MP detection within the human body, e.g., stool, placenta, lungs, liver, sputum, breast milk, and blood. A concise synopsis of sample preparation and analysis of such human matrices is also provided. This article also presents a summary of the effect of MPs on human cell lines and human health. Display omitted •Ingestion and inhalation are the main routes for exposure to MPs.•MPs have been found in placenta, feces, colon, lungs, sputum, liver, breast milk, and blood.•Utmost care is required while sample treatment and analysis to avoid contamination.•Some diseases appear to correlate with the presence of MPs.•Human cell line studies and health effects of MPs are briefly presented.