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Dattelbaum, D. M.; Watkins, E. B.; Firestone, M. A.; Huber, R. C.; Gustavsen, R. L.; Ringstrand, B. S.; Coe, J. D.; Podlesak, D.; Gleason, A. E.; Lee, H. J.; Galtier, E.; Sandberg, R. L.
Nature communications, 09/2021, Letnik: 12, Številka: 1Journal Article
Abstract Benzene (C 6 H 6 ), while stable under ambient conditions, can become chemically reactive at high pressures and temperatures, such as under shock loading conditions. Here, we report in situ x-ray diffraction and small angle x-ray scattering measurements of liquid benzene shocked to 55 GPa, capturing the morphology and crystalline structure of the shock-driven reaction products at nanosecond timescales. The shock-driven chemical reactions in benzene observed using coherent XFEL x-rays were a complex mixture of products composed of carbon and hydrocarbon allotropes. In contrast to the conventional description of diamond, methane and hydrogen formation, our present results indicate that benzene’s shock-driven reaction products consist of layered sheet-like hydrocarbon structures and nanosized carbon clusters with mixed sp 2 - sp 3 hybridized bonding. Implications of these findings range from guiding shock synthesis of novel compounds to the fundamentals of carbon transport in planetary physics.
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