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Sydnor, Valerie J.; Larsen, Bart; Bassett, Danielle S.; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron; Fair, Damien A.; Liston, Conor; Mackey, Allyson P.; Milham, Michael P.; Pines, Adam; Roalf, David R.; Seidlitz, Jakob; Xu, Ting; Raznahan, Armin; Satterthwaite, Theodore D.
Neuron, 09/2021, Letnik: 109, Številka: 18Journal Article
The human brain undergoes a prolonged period of cortical development that spans multiple decades. During childhood and adolescence, cortical development progresses from lower-order, primary and unimodal cortices with sensory and motor functions to higher-order, transmodal association cortices subserving executive, socioemotional, and mentalizing functions. The spatiotemporal patterning of cortical maturation thus proceeds in a hierarchical manner, conforming to an evolutionarily rooted, sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization. This developmental program has been characterized by data derived from multimodal human neuroimaging and is linked to the hierarchical unfolding of plasticity-related neurobiological events. Critically, this developmental program serves to enhance feature variation between lower-order and higher-order regions, thus endowing the brain’s association cortices with unique functional properties. However, accumulating evidence suggests that protracted plasticity within late-maturing association cortices, which represents a defining feature of the human developmental program, also confers risk for diverse developmental psychopathologies. Sydnor et al. review how human brain maturation progresses along an evolutionarily rooted, sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization. This spatiotemporal developmental program endows association cortices with a protracted period of plasticity, unique neurobiological properties, and heightened maturational variability linked to psychopathology.
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