Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common neurological disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding Neurofibromin, a p21Ras GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) 1. Importantly, NF1 causes learning disabilities and attention deficits 2, 3. A previous study showed that the learning and memory deficits of a mouse model of NF1 ( nf1 +/− ) appear to be caused by excessive p21Ras activity leading to impairments in long-term potentiation (LTP) 4, a cellular mechanism of learning and memory 5–7. Here, we identify lovastatin as a potent inhibitor of p21Ras/Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) activity 8, 9 in the brain. Lovastatin is a specific inhibitor of three-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, used commonly for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia 10. We report that lovastatin decreased the enhanced brain p21Ras-MAPK activity of the nf1 +/− mice, rescued their LTP deficits, and reversed their spatial learning and attention impairments. Therefore, these results demonstrate that lovastatin may prove useful in the treatment of Neurofibromatosis Type 1.