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Davis, Peter E D; Nicholls, Keith W; Holland, David M; Schmidt, Britney E; Washam, Peter; Riverman, Kiya L; Arthern, Robert J; Vaňková, Irena; Eayrs, Clare; Smith, James A; Anker, Paul G D; Mullen, Andrew D; Dichek, Daniel; Lawrence, Justin D; Meister, Matthew M; Clyne, Elisabeth; Basinski-Ferris, Aurora; Rignot, Eric; Queste, Bastien Y; Boehme, Lars; Heywood, Karen J; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; Makinson, Keith
Nature (London), 02/2023, Letnik: 614, Številka: 7948Journal Article
Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-changing ice-ocean systems in Antarctica . Much of the ice sheet within the catchment of Thwaites Glacier is grounded below sea level on bedrock that deepens inland , making it susceptible to rapid and irreversible ice loss that could raise the global sea level by more than half a metre . The rate and extent of ice loss, and whether it proceeds irreversibly, are set by the ocean conditions and basal melting within the grounding-zone region where Thwaites Glacier first goes afloat , both of which are largely unknown. Here we show-using observations from a hot-water-drilled access hole-that the grounding zone of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS) is characterized by a warm and highly stable water column with temperatures substantially higher than the in situ freezing point. Despite these warm conditions, low current speeds and strong density stratification in the ice-ocean boundary layer actively restrict the vertical mixing of heat towards the ice base , resulting in strongly suppressed basal melting. Our results demonstrate that the canonical model of ice-shelf basal melting used to generate sea-level projections cannot reproduce observed melt rates beneath this critically important glacier, and that rapid and possibly unstable grounding-line retreat may be associated with relatively modest basal melt rates.
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