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Petrosino, Stefania; Cordaro, Marika; Verde, Roberta; Schiano Moriello, Aniello; Marcolongo, Gabriele; Schievano, Carlo; Siracusa, Rosalba; Piscitelli, Fabiana; Peritore, Alessio F; Crupi, Rosalia; Impellizzeri, Daniela; Esposito, Emanuela; Cuzzocrea, Salvatore; Di Marzo, Vincenzo
Frontiers in pharmacology, 03/2018, Letnik: 9Journal Article
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a pleiotropic lipid mediator with established anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic activity. Ultramicronized PEA (PEA-um) has superior oral efficacy compared to naïve (non-micronized) PEA. The aim of the present study was two-fold: (1) to evaluate whether oral PEA-um has greater absorbability compared to naïve PEA, and its ability to reach peripheral and central tissues under healthy and local inflammatory conditions (carrageenan paw edema); (2) to better characterize the molecular pathways involved in PEA-um action, particularly at the spinal level. Rats were dosed with 30 mg/kg of C -PEA-um or naïve C -PEA by oral gavage, and C -PEA levels quantified, as a function of time, by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry. Overall plasma levels were higher in both healthy and carrageenan-injected rats administered C -PEA-um as compared to those receiving naïve C -PEA, indicating the greater absorbability of PEA-um. Furthermore, carrageenan injection markedly favored an increase in levels of C -PEA in plasma, paw and spinal cord. Oral treatment of carrageenan-injected rats with PEA-um (10 mg/kg) confirmed beneficial peripheral effects on paw inflammation, thermal hyperalgesia and tissue damage. Notably, PEA-um down-regulated distinct spinal inflammatory and oxidative pathways. These last findings instruct on spinal mechanisms involved in the anti-hyperalgesic effect of PEA-um in inflammatory pain.
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