Abstract Background Heart failure in patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function (HFpEF) is a prevalent disease characterized by exercise intolerance with poorly understood pathophysiology. We hypothesized that recruitable contractility is impaired in HFpEF, accounting for the appearance of symptoms with exertion. Methods and Results Echocardiographic analysis of myocardial performance was performed at baseline and after a modified dobutamine protocol (max dose 16 μg/kg/min) in participants with known HFpEF and age- and gender-matched controls. The primary outcome variable was change in contractile reserve, measured as a change in ejection fraction (EF). Recruitable contractility was decreased in HFpEF participants compared with control subjects (HFpEF 0.4 ± 1.9% vs control 19.0 ± 1.4%; P < .001). During dobutamine infusion, velocities increased in control participants but remained unchanged in the HFpEF group, yielding a significant difference between groups ( P < .05) for both longitudinal displacement and velocity. Conclusions Patients with HFpEF have an impaired contractile response to adrenergic stimulation. The blunted response to adrenergic stimulation in the HFpEF group suggests that these patients may be unable to respond to periods of increased cardiac demand. This inability to increase contractility appropriately suggests abnormalities of systolic function in this disease and may contribute to exertional intolerance in HFpEF.