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Hepting, M; Chaix, L; Huang, E W; Fumagalli, R; Peng, Y Y; Moritz, B; Kummer, K; Brookes, N B; Lee, W C; Hashimoto, M; Sarkar, T; He, J-F; Rotundu, C R; Lee, Y S; Greene, R L; Braicovich, L; Ghiringhelli, G; Shen, Z X; Devereaux, T P; Lee, W S
Nature (London), 11/2018, Letnik: 563, Številka: 7731Journal Article
High-temperature copper oxide superconductors consist of stacked CuO planes, with electronic band structures and magnetic excitations that are primarily two-dimensional , but with superconducting coherence that is three-dimensional. This dichotomy highlights the importance of out-of-plane charge dynamics, which has been found to be incoherent in the normal state within the limited range of momenta accessible by optics. Here we use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to explore the charge dynamics across all three dimensions of the Brillouin zone. Polarization analysis of recently discovered collective excitations (modes) in electron-doped copper oxides reveals their charge origin, that is, without mixing with magnetic components . The excitations disperse along both the in-plane and out-of-plane directions, revealing its three-dimensional nature. The periodicity of the out-of-plane dispersion corresponds to the distance between neighbouring CuO planes rather than to the crystallographic c-axis lattice constant, suggesting that the interplane Coulomb interaction is responsible for the coherent out-of-plane charge dynamics. The observed properties are hallmarks of the long-sought 'acoustic plasmon', which is a branch of distinct charge collective modes predicted for layered systems and argued to play a substantial part in mediating high-temperature superconductivity .
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