In this study we have evaluated the role of HLA matching and pretransplant crossmatch in the 2 year graft survival of 112 consecutive patients who underwent lung transplantation in our hospital. HLA class I typing was performed following a standard CDC assay and class II was analyzed by PCR-SSO and PCR-SSP methos. The pretransplant crossmatch test was performed by standard CDC technique. Survival functions estimates were computed using Kaplan-Meier method and the generalized Wilcoxon test. Positive pretransplant crossmatch was found in 4 patients, that shown a statistical significance reduced survival curve than those with negative crossmatch (50% vs. 77%, p=0.03). There were no significant differences on lung graft survival curves when the antigen mismatches for HLA-A, -B and -DR loci were analyzed (p>0.05). Since there is a clear influence of crossmatch results in the lung transplant survival, studies with a large serie will be necessary to evaluated the effect of HLA matching.