Human bones decrease in quality and increase in porosity beginning at about the third decade of life. The aim of this study was to establish an equation to predict the maxillary and mandibular linear vertical resorption potential for elderly edentulous patients on the basis of the analysis of the cervical vertebrae in a single cephalometric radiograph. The morphology of the bodies of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae and measurements of linear vertical resorption in the frontal region of the jaws were analyzed in two consecutive cephalometric observations of 26 elderly edentulous patients over the five-year period of wearing complete dentures. An equation was determined to obtain maxillary and mandibular linear vertical resorption on the basis of measurements in the third and fourth cervical vertebral bodies and the average errors between the predicted and the actual values were 0.14 mm. The cervical vertebrae exhibited significant decrease in the height and width, and residual alveolar ridges exhibited significant decrease in the height over the 5-year period of wearing dentures (p<0.01). These results suggest that using cervical vertebral measurements might allow predicting the maxillary and mandibular resorption for edentulous elderly patients wearing complete dentures.