Many parts of immune system are involved in interaction of M. tuberculosis and human organism. There are some publications concerning significance of interferon and other cytokines in lung tuberculosis. Our research group investigated condition of interferon and cytokines systems in patients with firstly detected infiltrative lung tuberculosis. The results of this study have shown direct links between clinical and immunological efficacy of the complex treatment of such patients. The active expression of IL-6 gene correlates with slow dynamics of lung infiltrate resolution and long saving of patient’s complaint for respiratory tract symptoms during the treatment. The expression of IL-12 gene linked to small volume of infiltrates in lung tissue before treatment whereas expression of IL-1β gene correlates with decrease of intoxication time and respiratory symptoms in patients during therapy. The knowledge about violation in cytokine regulation parts is absolutely necessary to determine dynamics of diseases development and treatment efficacy as well as to use immunotherapy.