Late graft loss (LGL) and late mortality (LM) following liver transplantation (LT) in children were analyzed from the studies of pediatric liver transplantation (SPLIT) database. Univariate and multivariate associations between pre‐ and postoperative factors and LGL and LM in 872 patients alive with their primary allografts 1 year after LT were reviewed. Thirty‐four patients subsequently died (LM) and 35 patients underwent re‐LT (LGL). Patients who survive the first posttransplant year had 5‐year patient and graft survival rates of 94.2% and 89.2%, respectively. Graft loss after the first year was caused by rejection in 49% of the cases with sequelae of technical complications accounting for an additional 20% of LGL. LT for tumor, steroid resistant rejection, reoperation in the first 30 days and >5 admissions during the first posttransplant year were independently associated with LGL in multivariate analysis. Malignancy, infection, multiple system organ failure and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease accounted for 61.8% of all late deaths after LT. LT performed for FHF and tumor were associated with LM. Patients who are at or below the mean for weight at the time of transplant were also at an increased risk of dying. Frequent readmission was also found to be associated with LM. About half of late graft loss after pediatric liver transplantation is related to rejection and late consequence of hepatic arterial thrombosis, whereas mortality is most often due to sepsis, multi‐system organ failure, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease.