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  • Bavčević, L; Vodopija, T; Lovrinov, M

    12/2001
    Publication

    We already acepted that Croatian economical and geopolitical possition can bee improved only with better utilization of coastal area. Under these conditions mariculture also makes a part od sea master plan because demands for mariculture are focused on clean environmental conditions to obtain economic benefits.Increased pressure to the coastal area is global trend and if not planed and organized can provoke conflicts and can affect further development. Under these condition, marine aquaculture is frequent subject of many discussion focused on the environmental impact. Conflict of different interest in coastal area with no argumentation is putting marine aquaculture in worst position related with tourism and industry. Hard argumentations is laying in noneadequate frame of work in some facilities and to take advantake competitors are preasenting marine aquaculture in worst picture.Marine aquaculture product has to be health product, which can be completely damaged because of non-responsible approach of other activity. Mariculture also can suffer from self-pollution as for example tourism and must be well planed and managed. Fecal pollution from towns, pollution from bad controlled tourists activity, industry, influence of intensive and non controlled agriculture in coast line, are also potential danger for quality of all sea products and also cultured products from marine aquaculture. High quality of marine products can be obtained by zoning of coastal area, and in concept of these zoning it is necessary to define the zones for marineaquaculture.Procedure of zoning has to be divided in three steps: deetrmination of present status of area, definition of shore land for making mariculture related shore infrastructure and definitions of areas suitable for mariculture with limits of production. These can make positive situations with avoiding conflicts in exploitation of common resources in future.Zone for marine aquaculture has to be controlled, with an adequate program of monitoring, and implementation of corrective measures has to be applied.Living resources quality in zones for marine aquaculture must be control and protected from pollutant of others activities, by controlling of polluted water in zone, controlling of emission in land in zone (pesticides and fertilizers), and sanitary control of sea. Prihvaćanjem pomorske orijentacije i marikultura postaje ravnopravan partner u gospodarenju morem jer zahtijeva čiste resurse za postizanje povoljnih gospodarskih učinaka te se uklapa u djelatnosti koje su prihvatljive konceptu održivog razvoja.Postavljena u okvire sukoba interesa raznih djelatnosti za obalnu crtu, marikultura traži svoje mjesto. Jačanjem intenziteta djelatnosti u obalnom pojasu marikultura je sve više predmet raznih ciljanih rasprava, ponajviše s pozicija njezina utjecaja na okoliš. Sukob interesa u obalnom pojasu neargumentirano postavlja marikulturu u nepovoljni položaj s obzirom na turizam i industriju. Snaga argumenata leži samo u nepravilnom gospodarenju na pojedinim farmama i, radi ostvarivanja prednosti, cijelu djelatnost prikazuje u najgorem mogućem kontekstu.Marikultura je djelatnost proizvodnje zdrave hrane, koja može biti potpuno oštećena neodgovornim pristupom ostalih djelatnosti i intenzivno trpi od samoonečišćenja kao npr. i turizam. Onečišćenja prouzročena otpadnim vodama gradova, nekontroliranom turističkom aktivnošću, industrijom, pod utjecajem intenzivnog i nekontroliranog poljodjelstva u obalnom pojasu, moguća su opasnost za kvalitetu svih morskih proizvoda pa tako i proizvoda iz marikulture.Najbolji način za očuvanje visoke kvalitete morskih proizvoda može se riješiti zoniranjem obalnog pojasa i u kontekstu tog zoniranja treba odrediti zone za marikulturu. Definiranje zone s aspekta kvalitete akvatorija određujući nulto stanje, definicija pristupa obali radi postavljanja obalne infrastrukture i određivanje takvih akvatorija prostornim planovima može dovesti do izbjegavanja konflikta u iskorištavanju istih resursa u budućnosti. Prihvaćanjem lokacija prilazi se kontroli izvođenja marikulture putem programa praćenja, prepoznavanjem graničnih mjera zahvata, te definicijom mogućih korektivnih mjera, što je djelomično, ali ne i potpuno obuhvaćeno podzakonskim aktima.Postavljeno u kontekstu zaštite obnovljivih resursa u zonama marikulture potrebno je u okvirima ovlaštenih tijela provoditi praćenje štetnih utjecaja drugih djelatnosti na žive organizme u zoni za marikulturu, kontrolom otpadnih voda u zoni, kontrolom emisije u tlo u zoni (pesticidi i gnojiva), sanitarnom kontrolom mora.