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Vizualna etnografija političnih grafitov v Istri med drugo svetovno vojno in po njej = Visual ethnography of (post)World War II political graffiti in Istria : doktorska disertacija
Ušić, Eric
This dissertation presents a visual-ethnographic research of political graffiti created during World War II and the immediate postwar period in Istria, in present-day Croatia, by antifascist, ...communist and pro-Yugoslav organizations and activists. The main goal of the dissertation is twofold: first, the aim is to examine the historical, socio-political and ideological background of (post)war graffiti and, second and most importantly, to document and examine the still present, almost 80 years old, graffiti in Istria with the aim of a critical cultural analysis, that is an evaluation and interpretation of their meanings in the post-Yugoslav context of the borderland Istrian region. Methodologically, the research applied a mixed method strategy, combining visual-ethnographic methods (photography, observations, informal conversations, fieldnotes), secondary quantitative and qualitative methods (compositional interpretation, content analysis, semiological-interpretive analysis), and historical research (oral history, archival research, close reading of memoirs, testimonies, newspapers). On the historical level, the research determined that political graffiti were produced constantly during World War II, in the liberation phase and, especially, in the immediate postwar period (1945-1946), when a major graffiti production occurred in the context of geopolitical tensions evolving around the postwar Italo-Yugoslav border demarcation. The historical analysis showed how graffiti’s contents, functions and meanings, as well as graffiti writers’ experiences, were directly affected by the broader political processes, events and local/regional power relations. The visual-ethnographic fieldwork, focused on surviving (post)war graffiti in Istria, documented 1349 different forms of graffiti in 142 Istrian towns and villages. The analysis of the documented graffiti determined their multi-layered and complex compositional, linguistic, ideological and meaning structure, revealing four main ideological pillars around which the graffiti formation is articulated: the intertwined and mutually supportive Titoist-Yugoslav, communist-revolutionary, popular-national and antifascist-memory discursive lines, with Tito functioning as the main symbolic anchor of the whole formation. The visual-ethnographic research determined that (post)war graffiti are constituting a peculiar, but gradually disappearing and unrecognized, memory-scape imbued with historical-spatial markers that represent condensations of multiple (hi)stories, experiences and narratives, as well as a relevant graffitied historical archive constituted by genuine notes and expressions of a historical period and socio-political context that radically reshaped the borderland region.
Type of material - dissertation
; adult, serious
Publication and manufacture - Ljubljana : [E. Ušić], 2023
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