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Environment friendly underground excavation of dimension stone
Bajželj, Uroš, 1931-2020 ...
There are not many underground quarries of dimension stone existing all over the world, but Slovenian Marmor Hotavlje has certainly become one of them. The story started in 1993, when the owner was ...affronted with a higher and higher overburden of this coloured and mechanically very favourable stone, called Hotavlje Marble which treatened to stop the production, because of increasing costs of excavation. A preliminary short study, proposed by group of experts showed that it could be possible to descent into the rock and to extract the sound "marble" underground. The knowledge of the rock at that stage was not very high enough to enable a rough estimation of its stability on the basis of two geomechanics classification systems. Following these first encouraging results the investigation of rock properties became more systematic and within a few years, the basic parameters about the rock strength and deformability were known enough to enter the second step of its stability evaluation. The paper describes basic geological situation of the quarry, shows geotechnical data about the rock and gives a brief description of numerical modelling and stability calculation of underground openings foreseen. Calculations were performed by finite difference method, for the evaluation ofglobal stability of the openings foreseen and to derive a sensitivity analysis of input parameters such as shape and dimension of galleries, primarystress field and mechanics characteristics of the rock mass. Another analysis was made , which was concentrated on block stability. Results given by calculation, which are presented and commented in the paper, were finally the basis for the design for a long term underground extraction of this stone. Today the authors, being aware of deficiency of these preliminary calculations, are continuing to work not only on assembling geological and geotechnical data about the rock also today, during the operational phase of the quarry, but also have prepared a program for a systematic monitoring of rock behaviour for the time of intensive underground rock excavation
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