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Boiling-induced surface aging and crystallization fouling of functionalized smooth and laser-textured copper interfaces
Berce, Jure, strojnik ...
Long-term boiling stability marks an important and often overlooked characteristic when engineering advanced interfaces for efficient phase-change heat removal. This study presents long-term pool ...boiling on functionalized smooth and laser-textured copper interfaces in de-ionized water and in an aqueous solution of calcium sulphate. Each surface was exposed to nucleate boiling for several hundred hours and wettability, morphology and surface chemistry were evaluated prior to and after each test. In addition, consecutive pool boiling curves were recorded on all samples. Our findings indicate an increase of wall superheat on all samples, caused by added thermal resistance in the salt solution and by diminished nucleation activity in water. The latter resulted from spatially non-uniform and interconnected mechanisms of wettability transition towards hydrophilicity, surface chemistry changes and topography deformation. These mechanisms also appeared in salt solutions, where their relative importance compared to dominant influence of scaling was linked to crystallization-mitigative ability of the interface. In both liquids, laser-textured surfaces exhibited up to an order of magnitude lower degradation rates. Our results also emphasize the importance of evaluation times of several days to accurately gauge boiling-induced changes to the surface and the ambiguity of evaluating the latter through boiling curve stability.
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