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Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health : physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasuresNarici, Marco Vicenzo ...The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis as entire populations have been asked to self-isolate and live in home-confinement for several weeks to months, which in itself represents a ... physiological challenge with significant health risks. This paper describes the impact of sedentarism on the human body at the level of the muscular, cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine and nervous systems and is based on evidence from several models of inactivity, including bed rest, unilateral limb suspension, and step-reduction. Data form these studies show that muscle wasting occurs rapidly, being detectable within two days of inactivity. This loss of muscle mass is associated with fibre denervation, neuromuscular junction damage and upregulation of protein breakdown, but is mostly explained by the suppression of muscle protein synthesis. Inactivity also affects glucose homeostasis as just few days of step reduction or bed rest, reduce insulin sensitivity, principally in muscle. Additionally, aerobic capacity is impaired at all levels of the O2 cascade, from the cardiovascular system, including peripheral circulation, to skeletal muscle oxidative function. Positive energy balance during physical inactivity is associated with fat deposition, associated with systemic inflammation and activation of antioxidant defences, exacerbating muscle loss. Importantly, these deleterious effects of inactivity can be diminished by routine exercise practice, but the exercise dose%response relationship is currently unknown. Nevertheless, low to mediumintensity high volume resistive exercise, easily implementable in home-settings, will have positive effects, particularly if combined with a 15%25% reduction in daily energy intake. This combined regimen seems ideal for preserving neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiovascular health.Source: European journal of sport science. - ISSN 1746-1391 (Vol. 21, no. 4, 2021, str. 614-635)Type of material - article, component partPublish date - 2021Language - englishCOBISS.SI-ID - 19129091
Author
Narici, Marco Vicenzo |
De Vito, Giuseppe, 1958- |
Franchi, Martino V. |
Paoli, Antonio |
Moro, Tatiana |
Marcolin, Giuseppe |
Grassi, Bruno |
Baldassarre, Giovanni |
Zuccarelli, Lucrezia |
Biolo, Gianni |
Di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio |
Fiotti, Nicola |
Dela, F. |
Greenhaff, Paul L. |
Maganaris, Constantinos
Topics
COVID-19 |
sedentarism |
neuromuscular system |
cardiovascular system |
glucose homeostasis |
body composition |
nutrition |
exercise
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Database name | Field | Year |
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Links to authors' personal bibliographies | Links to information on researchers in the SICRIS system |
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Narici, Marco Vicenzo | 38863 |
De Vito, Giuseppe, 1958- | |
Franchi, Martino V. | |
Paoli, Antonio | |
Moro, Tatiana | |
Marcolin, Giuseppe | |
Grassi, Bruno | |
Baldassarre, Giovanni | |
Zuccarelli, Lucrezia | |
Biolo, Gianni | 51191 |
Di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio | |
Fiotti, Nicola | |
Dela, F. | |
Greenhaff, Paul L. | |
Maganaris, Constantinos |
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