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Environmental comparison of two alternative road pavement rehabilitation techniques : cold-in-place-recycling versus traditional reconstruction
Turk, Janez, 1980- ...
Based on a road reconstruction case study, the advantages and disadvantages oftwo alternative road pavement rehabilitation techniques, a hypothetically defined comparable traditional approach and an ...actually used cold-in-place-recycling approach, both of which enable a comparable extension of road service life of about 20 years, were investigated by means of Life Cycle Assessment. The results showed that the considered environmental impactsof the traditional approach exceeded those of the cold-in-place-recycling approach: by only 1% with regard to Global Warming, by18% with regard to Acidification, by 15% with regard to the Abiotic Depletion of Fossil Fuels, and by 16% with regard to primary energy consumption. In the case of the traditional approach, the use of larger amounts of natural aggregate and the transportation of materials significantlycontributed to emissions and the consumption of fossil fuels and energy, whereas the cold-in-place-recycling approach was sensitive to the use of cement, whose production results in relatively high emissions, especially of greenhouse gasses. In the case of the traditional approach, sensitivity analyses were carried out with regard to the use of aggregate from a quarry instead of a gravel pit, and to the delivery distance of material hauled away from the distressed road during rehabilitation works (extending the one-way delivery distances from 20 to 100 km). It was found that, if aggregate from a quarry is used instead of from a gravel pit, then the various environmental impacts of the traditional approach would exceed those of the cold-in-place-recycling approach by factors which range between 1.3 and 1.7. Increasing the transportation distance of hauled-away materials from 20 km to 100 km, the impacts of the traditional approach would exceed the impacts of the cold-in-place-recycling approach by a factor of 1.4 (Global Warming) and 1.6 (Acidification and Abiotic Depletion of Fossil Fuels). A further sensitivity analysis was carried out in the case of the cold-in-place-recycling approach, with regard to the use of Portland cements containing different amounts of clinker. It was found that the use of cements with a higher clinker content results in an increase in the Global Warming impact to a level significantly higher than that of the traditional approach.
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