Substantial data indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the developmentof diabetic retinopathy. Two candidat genes that affect the oxidative stress are manganese mitochondrial superoxide ...dismutase (Mn-SOD) andendothelial nitric oxid Isynthase (eNOS). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene and th `a/b polymorphism of the eNOS gene in the development of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. 'In this cross sectional case-control study 426 unrelated Slovene subjects (Caucasians) with type 2 diabetes mellitus wereenrolled 283 patients with diabetic retinopathy and the control group of 143 subjects with type 2 diabetes of duration of more than 1 ears who had no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy. A significantly higher frequency of the VV genotype of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD was found in patients wit iabetic retinopathy compared to those without diabetic retinopathy (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2-3.4; p = 0.006), whereas the 4a/b polymorphism of the eNOS gene failed to yield an association with diabetic retinopathy. `4Ve may conclude that the V V genotype of the V 16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene was associated with diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes, therefore it might be used as a genetic marker of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians.
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