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Loss of endothelium-mediated vascular relaxation as a response to various clamping pressures
Geršak, Borut ...
The contraction/relaxation responses of thoracic aortal rings clamped with twoclamping pressures to potassium chloride (KC1), noradrenaline and carbacholwere studied using a scanning electron ...microscope (SEM) to ascertain endothelial lacerations. Clamp A had the tip pressure PA = 0.60 N/mm2 and clamp B PB = 5.16 N/mm2. In 15 Wistar albino rats, weighing 328 +/- 19 g (mean+/- SD), the thoracic aorta was occluded for 15 min and then three vascular rings (2 mm wide) were excised. The proximal unclamped ring served asa control. The aorta diameter was calculated from the circumference of distal rings 1.61 +/- 0.01 mm (n = 15, dmin = 1.51 mm, dmax = 1.70 mm). The rings were challenged with cumulative additions of KC1 (10-80 mmol/l) to measure the contraction. Then cumulative relaxation on the administration of carbachol (0.01-100 mumol/l) as a response to noradrenaline precontraction (0.1 mumol/l) was determined. A significant loss (P less th. 0.05) of vascularrelaxation in all clamped rings (clamped with PA and PB clamping pressures) was seen. No significant differences (P more th. 0.05) were observed for contraction between clamped and control rings clamped with clamp A, however the rings clamped with clamp B showed significantly reduction of contraction (P less th. 0.05). No significant differences were seen from control rings between groups A and B (P more th. 0.05), as well as from clamped rings between groups A and B (P more th. 0.05) for both the contraction and relaxation parts of the experiments. With SEM, great endothelial lacerations with complete disruption of the endothelial layer in the rings clamped with the clamp B were seen, but no disruption in rings clamped with clamp A. Therefore endothelial vascular layers are much more susceptible to pressure injuries than was previously believed.(trunc.)
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