The occurrence and source identification of bisphenol compounds in wastewaters
Česen, Marjeta ...
This study reports the occurrence of eight bisphenols (BPs): bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS) ...and bisphenol Z (BPZ) in wastewaters (WWs). Sample preparation involved pre-concentration with SPE cartridges (Oasis HLB), followed by derivatization using N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide with 1% tertbutyldimethylchlorosilane. Chemical analysis was based on gas chromatography%mass spectrometry. A validated method with limits of detection (LODs) at ng L%1 range was applied toWWs collected at five Slovene wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) andWWinflows from industrial, commercial and residential sources entering the sewerage systems of two catchments (Domžale-Kamnik (DK) and Ljubljana (LJ)). The presence of all BPs was confirmed in three inflows in DK and two inflows in the LJ catchments. High cumulative concentrations of all BPs were determined inWWfrom food processing facilities (LJ: 3030 ng L%1 and DK: 599 ng L%1). A high detection frequencywas observed in theWWfromtwo textile cleaning companies (6 BPs for LJ and 8 BPs for DK). The analysis ofWWfrom WWTPs revealed that only BPF (36.7 ng L%1) and BPS (40.6 ng L%1) were NLODs in the influents, whereas other BPs were detected also in the effluents. BPZ was found in the highest concentration (403 ng L%1 at WWTP-DK). WW collected at this WWTP also contained the highest amount of BPE (238 ng L%1). Although BPs removal could not be directly compared between theWWTPs, with the exception
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