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Changes in mineral composition of bricks fired in firewood brick kiln
Lamut, Jakob ...
In several clay pits over Slovenija, clay was mined for fire bricks. The clay was usualy matured over the winter, then the bricks were modeled by hand and with help of woodem models, dried on the sun ...and fired in simple firewood kilns. The products were devided to normaly fired bricks and overheated bricks according to their appearence. We were interested in differences in mineral composition of the two varieties as well as in the temperature of firing that may be estimate on the basis of mineral composition. The samples of dried, backed and overheated bricks were taken from a brickyard beside the Celj-Dramlje highroad, near Leskovec. They were analysed by the means of X-ray powder diffraction, to determine mineral composition and fired bricks were also analysed by optical microscopy. Mineral composition of the dried bricks consists of quartz (SiO2), muscovite-illite, plagioclase, ortoclase and chlinoclore. Normaly fired brick consists of quartz, muscovite-illite, but less then in nonfired brick, plagioclase, ortoclase and hematite started to form. Such mineral composition yields firing temperature above 800°C and below 1000°C. In overheated brick illite-moscovite's peaks dissaperand beside quartz, plagioclase and feldspar, mullite appers, which indicates firing temperature above 1200°C. The sample was fired also in laboratory owen at the temperature of 1280°C. X-ray powder diffraction pattern of this sample shows presence of glass phase, quartz, mullite and cristobalite. The melting temperature of the investigated samples was 1440°C.
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