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Asset management of transformers using accredited physical-chemical diagnostics and on-line monitoring in Slovenia [Elektronski vir]
Končan-Gradnik, Maja ; Gradnik, Timotej ; Mulej, Marja
This paper presents physical-chemical testing methods currently used worldwide and at the Institute`s Physical-Chemical Transformer Diagnostics Department for monitoring oil-filled HV transformers in ...service. The findings obtained through various physical-chemical tests of transformer oil samples not only provide data on the quality of the liquid dielectrics; they also enable diagnosis of the current operational capability, estimation of reliability, and assessment of the remaining operational lifetime of HV transformers. The paper advises HV transformer owners or supervisors which oiltests should be carried out to obtain appropriate and useful information about transformers in their different lifetime situations. Findings based on 15 years of experience in the furans-in-oil HPLC analysis of transformers in service at the Institute are presented. They enable diagnosis of the degree of degradation of paper insulation in oil-filled paper-insulated HV transformers. Details of various preventive physical-chemical transformer diagnostic programs are presented together with the importance of the accredited laboratory`s quality system assurance. The paper then describes howan oil-filled transformer`s lifetime and its operational reliability depend not only on the quality of manufacture; they are also considerably affected by the transformer monitoring mode and diagnostic techniques. These provided the basis for highlighting the occurrence and detection of unexpected early aging in some large transformers that were installed in the Slovene power grid around 1980. The issues of temperature measurements and transformer cooling system control associated with the oil-forced (OFAF) type of transformer cooling system are briefly presented. The paper finally discusses the importance of transformer operating temperatures and the effect of cooling optimization in order to extend a transformer`s remaining lifetime and minimize its life-cycle costs.
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