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Simultaneous determination of creep and relaxation by using a spring loading : [invited paper]
Nikonov, Anatolij ; Cvelbar, Robert ; Emri, Igor
Hybrid materials consisting of polymers, metals, and other materials are becoming increasingly important in many engineering fields, in particular in aerospace and automotive industry. In such ...applications polymers are often exposed to loads imposed by an elastically deformed metallic constituent. This "spring-like" loading induces material's response which is neither creep nor relaxation, but a combination of the two. The goal of this paper is to investigate the possibility of predicting such time-dependent responses analytically, using linear viscoelastic material functions on creep and relaxation. Analytical solution of the problem leads to an iterative integral equation, which has no general closed-form solution. The general solution was therefore obtained in a numerical form. The numerical algorithm was first tested against the analytical solution for the four-parameter model, for which the integral equation can be solved in a closed-form. The solution was then applied for predicting the response of PMMA specimen, loaded with a spring in torsion. Experiments on "spring loaded" specimens were performed on modified creep torsiometer. Comparison of the analytical-numerical predictions with the experimental results showed good agreement, showing that linear theory can be successfully used for predicting durability of hybrid structures exposed to relatively large loads. In addition this analysis represents the groundwork for development of a new apparatus for characterization of creep and the relaxation functions with a single experiment. Such an apparatus would be therefore of great importance for routine material characterization in industry.
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