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Screening of the Antarctic marine sponges as a source of bioactive compounds
Berne, Sabina ...
We report here on screening of ethanolic extracts from 24 Antarctic marine sponges for different biological activities. The extracts were tested for cytotoxic effects against normal and transformed ...cell lines, red blood cells and algae, for modulation of the activities of physiologically relevant cholinesterase enzymes, and for growth inhibition of pathogenic and ecologically relevant bacteria. Moreover, the antifouling properties of some extracts were investigated by performing settlement assays on cypris larvae of the crustacean Amphibalanus amphitrite. Besides antisettlement activity, the toxicity of the extracts was tested too on naupliar larval stage of the same species, in order to check whether settlement inhibition is due to toxicity or other mechanisms, and the Therapeutic Ratio (TR= LC50nauplii/EC50settlement) was calculated. Results showed that an extract from Tedania (Tedaniopsis) oxeata was selectively cytotoxic against the cancer cell lines, while the sponge extracts from Isodictya erinacea and Kirkpatrickia variolosa inhibited the activities of the cholinesterase enzymes. Several sponge extracts inhibited the growth of multiresistant pathogenic bacterial isolates of different origins, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenem resistant strains, while sponge extracts from K. variolosa and Myxilla (Myxilla) mollis were active against a human methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. These data show that Antarctic marine sponges represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds with pharmacological potential.
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