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Formulation of controlled release microspheres containing nicardipine: the role of pharmacokinetic modelling and computer simulation
Mrhar, Aleš ...
Nicardipine is an antihypertensive drug of the dihydropyridine series. It has high solubility in an acidic and low solubility in an alkaline medium. It is rapidly absorbed, extensively ...presystematically metabolized and excreted in the urine and faces, mainly as inactive metabolites. Since the duration of its action can be extended by prolonging the absorption interval, the design of controlled release formulation is reasonable. The aim of the present study was to prepare microspheres which would release nicardipine at a decreased rate in gastric and increased rate in intestinal juice during a 12h interval. Pharmacokinetic modelling based on compartment analysis and supported by analog computer and digital simulation technique showed that the target steady state peak plasma concentrations of 32 [micro]g/l and through plasma concentration of 7 [micro]g/l would be maintained if nicardipine were incorporated in a formulation releasing the drug as follows: 25% after 1h, 40% after 2h, 65% after 4h, 80% after 6h, 90% after 8h an 100% by 12h. Microspheres have been prepared from hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate polymer using the solvent evaporation method. Drug content, scanning electron micrographs, particle size distribution and dissolution profile were determined. In vitro nicardipine release was described bu biphasic square rootof time kinetics and was in accordance with the above values relating to the dissolution. Furthermore, a composed first-pass pharmacokinetic model with derived release function as an input was developed to predict nicardipine plasma concentrations after single- and 12 h multiple-dosage-regimen scheme administration of controlled release microspheres.
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