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Epidemiology of suicide risk and gene-environment interaction
Marušič, Andrej, 1965-2008
At first sight, it seems plausible that socio-cultural factors should be the major causes of different suicide rates across the world, however, sucha thesis fails to hold up under closer scrutiny. ...The main objective of this paper is to ascertain, wheter genetic differences, could at least in part, account for the varying rates of suicide, for example, genetic and environmental risk factors acting additively, undder a multifactorial polygenic mode of inheritance. The main method used was systematic review of scientific papers on environmental, genes and suicidal behaviour. First, we will argue that it is not possible to explain the differences in suicide rates_ across Europe, by socio-cultural differences alone. Second, we will explore the case for shared genetic risk factors influencing the rates of suicide in high-risk countires, using evidence from population genetics. Third, we will speculate on the role of possible interactions between exposureto alcohol and genetic vulnerability. We conclude that there is sufficient evidence to support the need for more genetic research. The proposal that there is a genetic aetiological component to suicidal behaviour does not mean, that psychosocial and other risk factors are not important. If anything, it would make it even more necessary to control environmental risk factors in populations of high genetic risk.
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