Osmotic water purification : insights from nanoscale biomimetics
Hélix-Nielsen, Claus
A decline in water supplies combined with a growing demand for fresh water, motivates recycling and reusing treated wastewater and/or desalination of sea water or brackish water. In terms of large ...scale water purification reverse osmosis (RO) represents the current state-of-the-art. RO and nano filtration (NF) membrane processes are commonly used for desalination of saline water and have matured since the late 1970s for advanced treatment of reclaimed water leading to indirect potable reuse. In RO water is recovered via a porous membrane from an impure or saline water feed by pressurizing it to a level above its osmotic pressure. The requirement for applied hydrostatic pressure makes RO energy intensive, and in addition RO is very sensitive to membrane fouling, and the rejection of salts, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and organic micropollutants is not complete. By exploiting the nano-scale properties of water when confined to nanoscopic pores new potential methods for water purification have recently emerged. Here I will briefly review some recent insights and developments in osmotic water purification based on nanotechnology and biomimetics.
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