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Chiuppesi, Flavia; Zaia, John A.; Faircloth, Katelyn; Johnson, Daisy; Ly, Minh; Karpinski, Veronica; La Rosa, Corinna; Drake, Jennifer; Marcia, Joan; Acosta, Ann Marie; Dempsey, Shannon; Taplitz, Randy A.; Zhou, Qiao; Park, Yoonsuh; Ortega Francisco, Sandra; Kaltcheva, Teodora; Frankel, Paul H.; Rosen, Steven; Wussow, Felix; Dadwal, Sanjeet; Diamond, Don J.
iScience, 08/2022, Volume: 25, Issue: 8Journal Article
Cell-mediated immunity may contribute to providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOC). We developed COH04S1, a synthetic multiantigen modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based COVID-19 vaccine that stimulated potent spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity in a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. Here, we show that individuals vaccinated with COH04S1 or mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 maintain robust cross-reactive cellular immunity for six or more months post-vaccination. Although neutralizing antibodies induced in COH04S1- and BNT162b2-vaccinees showed reduced activity against Delta and Omicron variants compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, S-specific T cells elicited in both COH04S1- and BNT162b2-vaccinees and N-specific T cells elicited in COH04S1-vaccinees demonstrated potent and equivalent cross-reactivity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the major VOC. These results suggest that vaccine-induced T cells to S and N antigens may constitute a critical second line of defense to provide long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOC. Display omitted •COH04S1 and BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited cellular immunity sustained for six months•Neutralizing antibodies with reduced activity against Delta and Omicron variants•Spike- and nucleocapsid-specific T cells maintain cross-reactivity to variants•Vaccine-induced T cells may provide long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 Health sciences; Immunology; Immune response; Virology
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