VSE knjižnice (vzajemna bibliografsko-kataložna baza podatkov COBIB.SI)
  • Experimental and theoretical study of the influence of fire load on the person safety in evacuation pathways
    Kirk, Jeanne Bjerre
    This project is addressing the effects of increased fire load from upholstered furniture on fire safety in hallways, because the current guidelines in Denmark do not address this issue. The effects ... of increased fire load have been studied through a literature survey and experimental work using bomb calorimetry, mass loss cone calorimetry and a large scale study of furniture in the Room Corner Test setup. Furthermore, a cross-sectional survey was sent to local authorities to assess how objects were assessed in regards to their influence on increased fire load in hallways. This was confirmed, and it also revealed that most participants based their evaluation on material choice and ignitibility. Upholstered furniture has three main components; a frame, cover materials and cushions. The materials used in upholstered furniture can be divided into natural and man-made materials. Within the two categories the materials have very different fire resistance properties. Natural materials have a tendency to char when exposed to an ignition source, whereas man-made materials are more prone to melting. The fire resistance of each material can be determined through various fire resistance ignition tests. It is through regulations requiring these tests that countries have the possibility to control the fire resistance of furniture. The United Kingdom have created strict requirements for upholstered furniture, which has been contributing to the large decrease in fire related deaths over the last 25 years. Denmark does not require any fire resistance in furniture, except for furniture in large assembly halls. The lack of requirements towards furniture can be an accomplice in the unchanging risk of dying in a fire. A selection of sofa and chairs were tested in the full scale experiments, where the parameters of cushion thickness, fire load, flame retardants and ignition sources were investigated. The aim was to create recommendations towards stating limits to the upholstered furniture based on these parameters. The experiments were initiated by the following ignition sources in order of smoldering cigarette, match equivalent flame, two sizes of wooden cribs (crib 5 and crib 7). For naturally good fire resistance materials, such as wool blends and vinyl, the cigarette and match equivalent ignition sources were not a problem. The combination between cotton or thermoplastic fabrics and untreated polyurethane foam was ignited by the match equivalent flame test. The results indicate that materials treated with flame retardants have a lower ignitibility and obtain in an increased time between warning by an optical smoke detector to untenable conditions for humans occur. This results in longer reaction times for the occupants. Unfortunately, more smoke and carbon monoxide is produced by flame retardant materials compared to untreated materials. Furthermore, it was seen that low fire loads and thin cushions resulted in small fires. It was not possible to detect from the experiments if the size of the ignition source had an influence in the fire development, since only one experiment was conducted of each setup. The following recommendations for limitation of furniture parameters are based on the findings in the current study: - Fire loads should be below 300 MJ - Cushion thickness should be less than 5 cm - Flame retardant treated furniture is preferable in buildings with vulnerable occupants - Designs with low back rests and without armrests are preferred - Chairs are generally preferable to sofas
    Vrsta gradiva - magistrsko delo ; neleposlovje za odrasle
    Založništvo in izdelava - Kongens Lyngby : [J. B. Kirk], 2016
    Jezik - angleški
    COBISS.SI-ID - 113027331

    Povezava(-e):

    https://fulltext-gateway.cvt.dk/oafilestore?oid=57a1cee712855c654e00019d&targetid=57a1cee812855c654e0001a4
    https://findit.dtu.dk/en/catalog/57a1cee812855c654e0001a4

Nobena knjižnica v sistemu COBISS.SI nima izvoda tega gradiva (gre za elektronski vir ali pa poleg tiskane verzije obstaja tudi elektronska).
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