VSE knjižnice (vzajemna bibliografsko-kataložna baza podatkov COBIB.SI)
  • Kontrastivne razsežnosti leksikalne prekrivnosti v slovensko-nizozemskem slovaropisju [Elektronski vir] : doktorska disertacija
    Srebnik, Anita
    A glance at the historical development of bilingual lexicography reveals that the first dictionaries appeared already around 4000 B.C. in the Sumerian culture; these were monolingual dictionaries and ... other great civilizations also soon developed their monolingual dictionaries as well. European lexicography, on the other hand, began with bi- or multilingual glossaries based upon Latin; this began to change in the 17th Century when dictionaries began to serve as bridges between other languages too. The first milestone in the development of lexicography, as well as in culture and science on the whole, was Gutenbergʼs invention of printing technique, which triggered consequences of unimaginable proportions. An equally important Renaissance achievement within the frame of lexicography is the invention of the roman-style typeface by Nicolas Jenson; wich laid foundation for all further development of the Latin typography in Europe and remained unchanged up to this day. Without these inventions, there would neither have been any lexicographical feats nor would the classical heritage of Ancient Greece and Rome, which contributed greatly to the proliferation of Renaissance culture and Humanism across Europe, have been preserved. In both the Slovene and the Dutch language area we can only talk about true beginnings of lexicography in the 16th Century, when the diasystem gradually began to disappear and efforts were made for a unified standard language resulting in numerous issues of grammar books, orthographies and dictionaries. The development of both languages was also crucially influenced by the translation of the Bible. The influence that the development of computer technologies at the end of the 20th century had on creation of modern lexicography is comparable to the invention of the printing technique and typography and its impact on the rapid development of lexicography in the period of Renaissance and Humanism. The irrepressible development of this second revolution has altered the practical and theoretical linguistics while also influencing a proportion of Slovene lexicographers. Thus a Modern Theory of Lexicographical Functions has been developed in Denmark ever since the beginning of the 90s, the main intention of which is satisfying the growing user needs for information and knowledge, wherefore lexicography can also be classified as an information science. Lexical equivalence is a broad concept within bilingual lexicography which includes correspondences between the compared languages, whereby two aspects need to be taken into account: the abstract value of the word in a language system, and simultaneously its concrete occurrence in a text, and the an isomorphism between the languages, where the equivalence between two languages is mostly partial or null, with full equivalence being extremely rare. The effective problem solving of the partial or zero equivalence, i.e. a lexical, grammatical or culture-specific gap, demands a thorough expertise of different approaches to equivalence (not only in lexicography but also in its related disciplines, contrastive linguistics and translation studies), while also being familiar with good practices in several languages and with the possibilities of using language technologies as a conditio sine qua non when creating any kind of a lexicographical tool. Within the frame of a bilingual lexicography this mostly means corpora, corpus analysis tools and lexical databases. In the present period, one of such most relevant tools is the Corpus Architect/Sketch Engine which also assists the creation of the Slovene Lexical Database and the General Dictionary of Dutch (Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek) - two comparable nationally important lexicographical projects for Slovene and Dutch respectively. With the function of word sketches, i.e. automatic, corpus-based summaries of a word's grammatical and collocational behaviour (Krek and Kilgarriff 2006), we are able to study the usage and the meaning of a particular word with much greater precision than on the basis of a concordance string. Word sketches make the work of lexicographers substantially easier and enable them a quick overview of what is going on around the headword. The breakthrough of language technologies into lexicography has also enabled an automatic reversal of the Dutch-Slovene Dictionary (Srebnik 2007, DZS) as one of the steps towards the planned Slovene-Dutch dictionary. With a complex automated procedure this was performed by the Slovene software company for language technologies and NLP Amebis, whereby following the example of a similar reveresing process of the Veliki angleško-slovenski slovar Oxford-DZS (The Oxford-DZS Comprehensive English-Slovene Dictionary), in short "VASS" and its even more extensive database. Compared with other researched reversing procedures around the world, where the Dutch language community is in the lead, we established that the concept of the VASS-reversal was the most successful one so far due to its original way of organizing the headwords in the reversed database, introduced by Simon Krek and his colleagues. The main reason for reversing the Dutch-Slovene Dictionary is the possibility of using the abundance of information in its reversed database, above all their (1) contrastive analysis and -- when that is sensible -- (2) reusing the already established cross-linguistic equivalents. In this dissertation, we tested both ways of using information from a Slovene-Dutch reversed database. The contrastive analysis was performed on a sample part of the Dutch-Slovene dictionary with all the Dutch noun compounds and their translation equivalents. Also their placement in a "mirror" headword list was analysed and it was established that as much as 60% of the original Dutch headwords are "lost in translation". In the new wordlist, they no longer appear as individual headwords but rather as a part of the dictionary pragmatic profile, sliding deeper into the dictionary lemma. In search of the possibilities of how to reuse the already established translational relationships in the automatically reversed dictionary database, we tried to obtain pragmatic data for the new dictionary and on the basis of concrete examples thus demonstrated that without the possibility of looking into the reversed database, crucial contrastively relevant data can remain hidden forever, and that many pieces of information from the reversed database are - even without further editing - absolutely appropriate for the inclusion into the new dictionary. We simultaneously listed the considerations about the nature of thus acquired reversed lexicographical source and we anticipated a suitable corpus update of the source (i.e. the Slovene) material which was originally not corpus-based. When selecting data from the reversed dictionary database, it is crucial to take into account a two-way translation dynamics (Krek et al. 2008, Šorli 2009), namely that the corresponding relationships which are established during the comparison or during translation from the source language into the target language are not identical to the relationship which is established during the comparison or translation from the target into the source language. The problem is no so much that of semantic equivalence but rather that of typicality, frequency and naturalness. When ignoring this fact, one can quickly get caught in a trap and thus describe a string of Slovene "coloured" by Dutch. We repeatedly stressed the need for several language corpora that would enable further contrastive research of Slovene and Dutch which is crucial for the development of better bilingual lexicographical tools. After examining the historical overview of the development of lexicography, lexicographical theory, lexical coverage and language technologies relevant for the bilingual Slovene-Dutch lexicography, various reversing procedures with dictionaries and the Slovene-Dutch reversed dictionary database, we reached findings and conclusions, on the basis of which it will be possible to create a theoretically supported modern lexicographical description of Slovene and Dutch in the planned Slovene-Dutch Dictionary.
    Vrsta gradiva - disertacija ; neleposlovje za odrasle
    Založništvo in izdelava - Ljubljana : [A. Srebnik], 2013
    Jezik - slovenski
    COBISS.SI-ID - 52450402

Knjižnica/institucija Kraj Akronim Za izposojo Druga zaloga
FF, Osrednja humanistična knjižnica, Ljubljana Ljubljana FFLJ ni za izposojo 1 izv.
loading ...
loading ...
loading ...

Vnos na polico