The cave-dwelling fauna of the Balkan peninsula: its origin and diversification
Ćurčić, Božidar P. M. ; Jovanović, Verka M.
The karst of the Balkan Peninsula is inhabited by a great number of endemic and relict cave animals pertaining to the Paleo-Mediterranean, Laurasian, Paleo-Aegean, and South- or North-Aegean (or ...Proto-Balkan) phyletic series of species and higher taxa. The major causes of the extraordinary variety of the troglobitic fauna of this region include: (1) the varied epigean fauna populating the Proto-Balkans in the remote past; (2) continuity of continental phases in different areas of the Balkans; (3) presence of mighty limestone beds and the subsequent evolution of the underground karst relief; (4) succession of suitable climatic conditions favouring the colonisation of subterranean habitats; and (5) divergent differentiation of different lower and higher taxa in numerous isolated niches underground. Study of the cave inhabitants of the Balkan karst has offered further proof of their great age and different origin. These species and genera represent the last vestiges of an old fauna, which found their ultimate shelter in the underground domain of the Balkans and its adjoining regions. Apart from this, it is apparent that specific aspects of geomorphological and climatic events in the Balkans, together with peculiarities in the historical development of the fauna there, caused the peninsula to become the main centre of dispersion and colonisation of species and groups of species, i. e., the main source for the revitalisation and genesis of biological diversity, not just in the Mediterranean region, but throughout all of Southeast Europe.
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