Introduction This project is part of a line of research aimed at identifying possible laboratory and anthropometric markers in the mediate postpartum period, compared to healthy women. It observes the behavior of these effectors in the maternal organism, collaborating with the prediction and prevention of preeclampsia. Objective Identify in the mediate postpartum period, lipotoxicity markers and anthropometric profile in postpartum women with preeclampsia compared with control group. Methods Cross-sectional study developed at the Guilherme Álvaro Hospital – Santos/Brazil. It was collected blood samples and anthropometric data of 132 women (56 cases and 76 controls) in the mediate postpartum during January 2015 to May 2016. Laboratory markers were analyzed to possibly associate with preeclampsia. Case group: patients with preeclampsia according to the criteria of NHBPEP – National High Blood Pressure Education Program (2000). Control group: women after vaginal delivery with term newborn, without hypertension and/or other comorbidities. Variables analyzed: maternal age, gestational age, body mass index (BMI), neck, arm and abdominal circumferences and newborn weight. Laboratory variables: total cholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, triglycerides, serum creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose and HOMA-IR index. Exclusion criteria for both groups: previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus, collagen diseases, smoking, twin pregnancy and fetal malformations. For the numerical variables of the research it was used the Student’s t test and for the statistical analysis the Fisher’s exact test. The significance level was p < 0.05. Results The results allow us to affirm that the groups differ from each other in the variables: maternal age, gestational age, newborn weight, BMI, abdominal, arm and neck circumferences, albumin, CRP, ALT, uric acid, glucose, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion The present study shows that women with preeclampsia have higher body mass index, larger body circumferences, they are older and have an increased insulin resistance than normal ones. Analyzing the study group individually, we can observe that those patients have premature babies and lower birth weight more often. It is also notice increased levels in the study group compared to the control group in non-specific inflammatory (CRP), hepatic (ALT) and renal (uric acid) markers. Albumin was higher in the control group.