The experimental study on the boiling heat transfer performance and visualization of Al2O3-H2O, SiO2-H2O and Al2O3-SiO2-H2O nanofluids with 0.01% mass concentration were carried out. Alumina and silica nanoparticles with average particle diameters of 30 nm and 50 nm were selected. Al2O3-SiO2-H2O was the mixed aqueous nanofluids with a mass ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 of 1: 1. The results show that the effect of particle size on the boiling heat transfer performance is small. For nanofluids with a particle size of 30 nm, the boiling heat transfer performance of Al2O3-H2O nanofluids is better than that of Al2O3-SiO2-H2O and SiO2-H2O nanofluids under the working pressure of 101 kPa. The critical heat fluxes increased by 7.9% and 22.1% respectively, and the maximum heat transfer coefficients increased by 18.3% and 32.6% respectively. The critical heat flux and the maximum heat transfer coefficient are 162.1 W/cm2 and 7.01W/(m2·K). The working pressure has an important effect on the boiling heat transfer performance of nanofluids. Compared with the boiling heat transfer performance under high pressure conditions, the boiling heat transfer performance of nanofluids is better under low pressure.