Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a poorly understood disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that autoimmune dysfunction is involved in the development of CP/CPPS. Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is associated with the occurrence and development of several chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of IL‐17 in CP/CPPS are not clear. We confirmed that IL‐17 was increased in the prostate tissues of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mice. Corresponding to the increase of IL‐17, neutrophil infiltration and the levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2 (CXC chemokine ligands 1 and 2) were also increased in the prostate of EAP. Treatment of EAP mice with an IL‐17‐neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) decreased the number of infiltrated neutrophils and CXCL1 and CXCL2 levels. Depletion of neutrophils using anti‐Ly6G antibodies ameliorated the inflammatory changes and hyperalgesia caused by EAP. Fucoidan, a could potent inhibitor of neutrophil migration, also ameliorate the manifestations of EAP. Our findings suggested that IL‐17 promoted the production of CXCL1 and CXCL2, which triggered neutrophil chemotaxis to prostate tissues. Fucoidan might be a potential drug for the treatment of EAP via the effective inhibition of neutrophil infiltration.