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  • De re robotica
    Marjanić, Suzana; Đurđević, Goran

    In medias res, 09/2023, Letnik: 12, Številka: 23
    Journal Article, Paper

    Danas su roboti postali svakodnevica čiji su zadaci sve veći u uslužnim djelatnostima (npr. ugostiteljstvo ili ispitivanje zadovoljstva korisnika), zatim kao automatizirani i samostalni uređaji (npr. usisivači ili automobili) te kao supstitucija za pojedine biljke i životinje (npr. umjetna stabla, RoboBee kao zamjena za pčele i dr.). Tekst se zadržava na nešto manje poznatim robotima – robotiziranim kućnim ljubimcima čiju genezu kao svojevrsnih avatara i malih igračaka pratimo od sredine 1990-ih kada je područje JI Europe preplavljeno dječjim japanskim „kućnim ljubimcem“ Tamagotchijem. Poslije su razvijeni složeniji „ljubimci“ poput Joy for All, Zoomer Interactive Kittens and Puppies, PARO Robot Seals i AIBO. Naglasak je postavljen na robot-kućnim ljubimcima koji se u nekim zemljama koriste u domovima za starije osobe kao i npr. za osobe oboljele od demencije. Ovakvi su objekti otvorili brojna pitanja od kojih izdvajamo sljedeće: definiciju bića i kućnog ljubimca (engl. pet), odnosno kućne životinje (engl. home animals) ili kako neki antrozoolozi ističu – životinje za društvo (engl. companion animals), društvenost i privrženost, osjećaje, biološke potrebe, odgovornost za ponašanje, prava i obveze kao i nasilje prema hibridima i androidima (usp. Thompson 2018). The last decades have been marked by the development of technology that has led to an increasing number of robots in the human surroundings (outside environment and inside the body), which brings us closer to the realization of posthumanism and transhumanism. That new circumstances bring humans closer to robots and, consequently, hybrids and cyborgs. Today, robots have become commonplace, with increasing tasks in service industries (e.g., catering or customer satisfaction testing), then as automatic and autonomous devices (e.g., vacuum cleaners or cars) and as substitutes for individual plants and animals (e.g., artificial trees, RoboBee as a substitute for bees, etc.). In this article, we move on to lesser-known robots – robotic pets whose genesis as a kind of avatars and small toys we followed from the mid-1990s when the area of SE Europe was interrupted with children’s Japanese “pet” Tamagotchi. Later, more complex “pets” such as Joy for All, Zoomer Interactive Kittens and Puppies, PARO Robot Seals, and AIBO were developed. Our focus is on robot pets used in retirement homes in some countries and, for example, people with dementia. Such objects have opened several questions, of which we pointed out the following: the definition of being and pet, or home animals or, as some anthropologists point out – companion animals, sociability and attachment, feelings, biological needs, responsibility for behaviour, rights, and obligations as well as violence against hybrids and androids (cf. Thompson 2018).