Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal chronic inflammatory disease, and its incidence is steadily increasing. IBD is closely related to the intestinal microbiota, and probiotics are known to be a potential therapeutic agent for IBD. In our study, we evaluated the protective effect of CVL-001, isolated from kimchi, on dextran sulfated sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The oral administration of CVL-001 according to the experimental schedule alleviated weight loss and disease activity in the mice with colitis. Furthermore, the length and histopathology of the colon improved. The expression of tumor necrosis factor ( ) and interleukin genes decreased in the colons of mice that were administered CVL-001, whereas that of increased. The expressions of genes coding for E-cadherin, claudin3, occludin, and mucin were also restored. In co-housed conditions, CVL-001 administration did not improve disease activity, colon length, and histopathology. Microbiota analysis revealed that CVL-001 administration increased the abundance of microbiota and altered / ratio, and decreased . In conclusion, CVL-001 administration protects mice from DSS-induced colitis by regulating immune response and intestinal integrity via gut microbiota modulation.