The establishment of an efficace child protection system requires social policies to mobilize the resources of the populations to make them agents of change of their own situation. Social work is the most important part of all protection systems. It constitutes the responses provided in terms of services, programs and human resources that would help to atenuate risk situations, vulnerability factors and their negative impact on children and their families. The aim of this study, using documents devoted to the responses provided to childhood deprived of family in Algeria, is to summarize the mechanisms and child protection devices, the efficacy of these responses, the main difficulties encountered, and propositions concerning social work.