Star formation is a multi-scale, multi-physics problem ranging from the size scale of molecular clouds ( ∼ 10 s pc) down to the size scales of dense prestellar cores ( ∼ 0.1 pc) that are the birth sites of stars. Several physical processes like turbulence, magnetic fields and stellar feedback, such as radiation pressure and outflows, are more or less important for different stellar masses and size scales. During the last decade a variety of technological and computing advances have transformed our understanding of star formation through the use of multi-wavelength observations, large scale observational surveys, and multi-physics multi-dimensional numerical simulations. Additionally, the use of synthetic observations of simulations have provided a useful tool to interpret observational data and evaluate the importance of various physical processes on different scales in star formation. Here, we review these recent advancements in both high- ( M ≳ 8 M ⊙ ) and low-mass star formation.