FSS, J. Goričar Central Social Sciences Library, Ljubljana (ODKLJ)
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Tuje neposredne naložbe - mana z neba?Mencinger, Jože, 1941-2022Statistično kar robustna, negativna povezanost med tujimi neposrednimi naložbami in gospodarsko rastjo v osmih tranzicijskih državah - novih članicah EU - v razdobju 1994-2003 kaže, da tuje ... neposredne naložbe niso prispevale k gospodarski rasti, oziroma, da so jo celo omejevale. Presenetljiv rezultat je mogoče pojasniti z naravo nuložb - prevzemi in z uporabo kupnin za potrošnjo in uvoz namesto za povečanje proizvodnih kapacitet. Zato so bile naložbe močno povezane s tekočim računom; priliv naložb je spremljalo povečevanje primanjkljaja in zadolženosti. Majhnost dežel gostiteljic in koncentracija tujih neposrednih naložb v nekaj sektorjih sta vplivala na njihove "spillover" učinke. Prenos tehnologije je bil, kot kaže, zanemarljiv, povečanje učinkovitosti v prevzetih podjetjih je najbrž izničevalo krčenje gospodarskih vezi z deli domačega gospodarstva. Tuje multinacionalke niso le povečevale konkurence, ampak so z izrivanjem nastajajočih domačih podjetij uničevale tudi potencialno konkurenco, povečevale so trgovinsko menjavo, a uvoz bolj kot izvoz. Njihov prispevek k ustvarjanju "človeškega kapitala" je vsaj vprašljiv, če že ne negativen. Finančne spodbude tujim multinacionalkam, te jih z lahkoto izsilijo, so upravičene le, če so njihove narodnogospodarske koristi mnogo večje od podjetniških donosov, kar največkrat ne drži. Spodbude povečujejo obremenitve domačih davkoplačevalcev, saj se multinacionalke davkom s transfernimi cenami zlahka izognejo.Source: Gospodarska gibanja. - ISSN 0351-0360 (Št. 362, sep. 2004, str. 25-44)Type of material - article, component partPublish date - 2004Language - slovenianCOBISS.SI-ID - 6737233
Author
Mencinger, Jože, 1941-2022
Topics
Evropska unija |
Slovenija |
tuje neposredne naložbe |
tekoči račun |
spillover učinki |
spodbude |
European Union |
Slovenia |
foreign direct investment |
current account |
spill-over |
subsidies
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Mencinger, Jože, 1941-2022 | 01332 |
Source: Personal bibliographies
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